![]() The majority of biomarker search studies have been carried out at the serum level, due to their easy collection by non-invasive techniques. Proteomic analysis is a hypothesis-free approach that integrates genetic and epigenetic influences by examining protein expression profiles, and is not limited by prior knowledge. ![]() In this context, the identification of new biomarkers involved in the development of vascular complications in patients with DM2 may be of great importance to improve the prognosis and quality of life of this population, as well as to design new preventive and therapeutic strategies that prevent the development of cardiovascular events, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Evidence has shown a process of regulation of vascular calcification similar to bone mineralization, suggesting a connection between bone metabolism disorders and the vascular system. This suggests that the pathway that links dysglycemia and CVD is not well established, requiring in-depth study of the factors involved in the development of CVD associated with DM2. However, only some of the patients with DM2 will develop these vascular complications while others, despite presenting the same risk factors, will not suffer cardiovascular events during the disease course. The advance of these vascular complications is determined by the presence of common risk factors in DM2 such as obesity, chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and states of inflammation and oxidation, among others. Several studies reveal that DM2 is an independent risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development in both men and women 4, 5. ![]() Among the complications, chronic ischemia of lower limbs due to atherosclerotic processes is among the most frequent vascular problems in DM2 patients, with a prevalence of calcified plaques in the lower limbs that may reach 44.6% in this population 3. DM2 is associated with various complications, with cardiovascular disorders being one of the main causes of mortality in this disease 2. An increased incidence of DM2 cases is predicted worldwide, involving more than 300 million people in 2025 1. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a significant public health problem throughout the world which affects a large sector of the population. ![]()
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January 2023
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